The concept of cross-border e-commerce can interpreted in a broad or narrow sense:

Broadly, the cross-border e-commerce refers to the cross-border import and export trade activities in which the transactions are concluded by the transaction participants belonging to different customs territories respectively by means of e-commerce. Narrowly, the cross-border e-commerce refers in particular to the cross-border e-retailing which is one new business pattern of international trade that the transactions are concluded by the transaction participants belonging to different customs territories respectively by means of conclusion of transaction through e-commerce platform, cross-border payment and settlement and delivery of goods through cross-border logistics. The cross-border e-retailing is one new trade pattern as a result of development of Internet to a certain stage.

In terms of type of interaction, the type of cross-border e-commerce is mainly divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, etc., in which the B2C and C2C are directly interacted with the final consumers, therefore collectively referred to as cross-border e-retailing; in terms of the business entity, the cross-border e-retailing is divided into platform type, self-run type and mixed type (platform + self-run).

In 2014, China innovated the regulatory system for cross-border e-commerce retail import, contributing to the rapid development of the cross-border e-commerce retail import in China and leading to the emergence of a number of cross-border e-commerce retail import platforms and enterprises including TMall.HK, koala.com, jumei.com, ymatou.com and xiaohongshu.com. The whole industry ushered in an explosive growth in 2015.

Although the growth rate of global trade in 2015 slowed down, cross-border e-commerce in China grew against the trend, the e-commerce penetration rate in import & export trades continued to improve. Cross-border e-commence retail is yielding unusually brilliant results as the new trade form in Internet Era, accounting a significantly increasing share in China’s cross-border e-commerce market. Technical progress, industrial foundation, consumption upgrading and credit security will be four drivers of the growth of cross-border e-commerce in China.

The trade scale of cross-border E-commerce was about RMB4.8 trillion in 2015, with YoY growth of 28%. By estimates, the trade scale would reach RMB12 trillion by 2020, the CAGR reaches 20.1% during 2015 to 2020.

Relative agencies predict that trade size of global cross-border e-commerce will increase to 31.34 trillion in 2016 and total network export value of the 6 main e-commerce markets including America, Britain, Germany, Northern Europe, the Netherlands and France, will grow 5 times in 2020, especially Asia-Pacific region guided by China will gain the fastest growth in global cross-border e-commerce market with 30 percent of market shares, increasing faster than the other regions in global trade and leading the growth with more market shares of global trade in the future.

Figure No.	Figure Title
Figure 1	China’s GDP and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 2	The trend of China’s total value of foreign trade in 2011-2016
Figure 3	China's total value of retail sales and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 4	Per capita disposable income of Chinese residents and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 5	The trend of China’s total population in 2011-2015
Figure 6	E-commerce trade scale in China, 2011-2015
Figure 7	Chinese Cross-border E-commerce trade and foreign trade value, 2008-2015
Figure 8	The proportion of cross-border E-commerce trade value out of foreign trade value
Figure 9	The proportion of export and import value in Chinese cross-border E-commerce trade, 2011-2015
Figure 10	The proportion of B2B and retail trade in Chinese cross-border E-commerce, 2011-2015
Figure 11	Size of China Cross-border E-commerce Rattail Market
Figure 12	Import value of cross-border E-commerce retail market in China, 2013-2015
Figure 13	Export value of cross-border E-commerce retail market in China, 2013-2015
Figure 14	Trade volume of online retail sales in China, 2011-2021
Figure 15	Industry chain of exports cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 16	Market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2011-2015
Figure 17	Market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce B2B in China, 2013-2015
Figure 18	Retail sales market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2013-2015
Figure 19	Distribution of exports cross-border e-commerce seller in China, 2015
Figure 20	Category of exports cross-border e-commerce seller in China, 2015
Figure 21	Distribution of exports cross-border e-commerce country in China, 2015
Figure 22	Industry chain of imports cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 23	Problems of original imports cross-border e-commerce operation mode
Figure 24	Policy development of imports cross-border e-commerce, 2014-2015
Figure 25	AMC development curve of imports cross-border ecommerce in China
Figure 26	Market scale of imports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2011-2015
Figure 27	Category of cross-border online shopping products in China
Figure 28	Category and SKU continued expansion of imports cross-border e-commerce
Figure 29	Supply source control ability of import cross-border e-commerce outside
Figure 30	Development of cross-border e-commerce import logistics
Figure 31	Consumption experience of imports cross-border e-commerce continued improve
Figure 32	Analysis of cross-border online shoppers
Figure 33	Ways of knowing cross-border online shopping for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 34	Ways of visiting cross-border shopping websites for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 35	Cross-border shopping website category for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 36	Top10 cross-border online shopping product categories
Figure 37	Top8 cross-border shopping countries
Figure 38	Cross-border online shopping frequency
Figure 39	Cross-border online shopping per average order value (Unit: RMB)
Figure 40	The average monthly consumption spending on cross-border online shopping
Figure 41	Payment methods usage of cross-border online shopping
Figure 42	Used ways of logistics for cross-border online shopping
Figure 43	The time length of logistics for cross-border online shopping products
Figure 44	The experiences of cross-border online shoppers add goods to shopping cart without purchasing
Figure 45	The main reasons to abandon the purchase when items are added into the shopping cart
Figure 46	Attitudes of cross-border online shoppers
Figure 47	Reasons for cross-border online shoppers to choose cross-border online shopping
Figure 48	Cross-border online shoppers' focuses and satisfaction of various aspects
Figure 49	The reasons of cross-border online shoppers choosing overseas websites instead of domestic websites
Figure 50	The reasons of shoppers choosing domestic websites instead of overseas websites
Figure 51	Cross-border E-commerce and traditional International trade
Figure 52	Cross-border E-commerce market trade scale in China, 2011-2015
Figure 53	28 cross-border third party payment institutions distribution
Figure 54	“The Belt and the Road” program and needs of cross-border payment
Figure 55	Advantages of Cross-border Interbank Payment System (CIPS)
Figure 56	RMB Internationalization Index (RII), 2013-2015
Figure 57	Capital stream scale in China, 2013-2015
Figure 58	Emerging trade capital stream CAR
Figure 59	Import E-commerce platform third part payment services
Figure 60	Export E-commerce platform 3rd partypayment core business
Figure 61	Abroad tourism 3rd party payment institution core business
Figure 62	Abroad tourism market size in China, 2013-2015
Figure 63	Abroad tuition 3rd party payment institution core business
Figure 64	Chinese study abroad market, 2013-2015
Figure 65	3rd party cross-border payment is the most preference payment channel by Chinese residents
Figure 66	Cross-border payment profitability
Figure 67	Goods, services import & export payment and swap
Figure 68	Payment institution without permit buy in currency in agency identity
Figure 69	Payment institution with permit and payment procedure
Figure 70	Similar cross-border payment services
Figure 71	3rd party Internet payment trading volume market share in China, 2015
Figure 72	B2B oriented cross-border payment company diversified payment solution
Figure 73	AliPay and cooperation companies
Figure 74	Industry chain of cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 75	Market size of cross-border B2C logistics in China, 2013-2015
Figure 76	Trade mode and logistics mode of traditional trade and cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 77	Overseas direct ship mode of cross-border B2C import
Figure 78	International network layout of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
Figure 79	Domestic network layout of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
Figure 80	Bonded mode of cross-border B2C import
Figure 81	Market share of international express in China
Figure 82	Business structure of Sinotrans-DHL
Figure 83	Core asset of China Merchants Group
Figure 84	Listing of express companies
Figure 85	Proportion of three export model of cross-border e-commerce in Zhejiang Province, 2015
Figure 86	Aliexpress income increase
Figure 87	Amazon warehouse distribution
Figure 88	Amazon active account, 2009-2015
Figure 89	Amazon warehouse space
Figure 90	Wish development timeline
Figure 91	Globalegrow E-commerce registered users growth, 2012-2015
Figure 92	Globalegrow selling country distribution
Figure 93	Aukey E-business website distribution
Figure 94	Aukey E-business product catagory
Figure 95	YKS company structure
Figure 96	Tmall advantages
Figure 97	Tmall O2O
Figure 98	NetEase Kaola operation
Figure 99	NetEase Kaola competitive advantages
Figure 100	Ymatou operation
Figure 101	Xiaohongshu operation
Figure 102	Overseas warehouse distribution
Figure 103	Baobeigezi regional sales
Figure 104	Dilivery time in different country, 2015
Figure 105	Forecast on market scale of cross-border e-commerce industry in China, 2016-2021
Figure 106	Forecast on market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2016-2021
Figure 107	Forecast on market scale of imports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2016-2021

Table No.	Table Title
Table 1	Category of China's major cross-border e-commence business mode
Table 2	GDP growth and predicted value of World Bank in 2014-2016
Table 3	China’s GDP and its subdivision in 2014-2016
Table 4	Policies in cross-border e-commerce issued by China in 2012-2016
Table 5	China’s population and its composition in 2015
Table 6	Major economies that China exported to, 2015
Table 7	ECI between China and G20
Table 8	Top 10 companies on National Equities Exchange and Quotations
Table 9	Major policies for export cross-border e-commerce of China in 2012 - 2015
Table 10	Major financing cases of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2015-2015
Table 11	The third party cross-border payments have significant competitive advantages by their expense ratio and emerging market.
Table 12	The payment agencies have been carrying out cross-border business targeted at various groups before obtaining trail qualifications.
Table 13	China’s market policy of cross-border payment has been gradually relaxed
Table 14	3rd party payment institution cross-border payment services
Table 15	Cross-border payment industrial size analysis
Table 16	Cross-border Payment market size forecast in 2020
Table 17	3rd party payment institution and overseas merchant cooperation
Table 18	Cross-border payment institution and cooperation institution
Table 19	Market Structure and Corresponding Logistics of Cross-border Purchasing Agency in China
Table 20	Comparison of bargaining power of e-commerce enterprise and logistics enterprise in domestic and cross-border e-commerce market
Table 21	Mode of cross-border logistics
Table 22	International freight services revenue of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd., 2012-2015
Table 23	Dilatation of international express delivery giants in China
Table 24	Cargo aircraft of domestic express delivery company
Table 25	Seller ranking of cross-border platform in Zhejiang Province, 2015
Table 26	Comparative analysis on some of the cross-border E-commerce comprehensive pilot zones
Table 27	Aliexpress Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV)
Table 28	Top10 countries trading through Aliexpress, 2013
Table 29	Top7 category and country on Aliexpress, 2013
Table 30	Wish development
Table 31	Export E-commerce sellers
Table 32	Export E-commerce sellers
Table 33	Aukey E-business website introduction
Table 34	ATC overseas warehouse distribution
Table 35	Baobeigezi purchase team
Table 36	Alibaba Group's revenue and total profit situation in 2013-2017
Table 37	Focus Technology Co., Ltd.’s income situation by sectors and products in 2016
Table 38	Lightinthebox Holding Co., Ltd.’s revenue and total profit situation in 2012-2016
Table 39	Comparison of different modes of overseas online shopping
Table 40	Comparison of three main modes of overseas online shopping supply chain
Table 41	Taxation situation of overseas online shopping
Table 42	Comparison of overseas purchasing vs. self-operated B2C business
Table 43	Comparison of operation modes
Table 44	Cross-border e-commence enterprises and category of their business modes
Table 45	Analysis of major Chinese e-commerce companies and their operation models